Journal: Acta Pharmacologica Sinica

Article Title: Pentoxifylline alleviates high-fat diet-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and early atherosclerosis in rats by inhibiting AGE and RAGE expression

doi: 10.1038/aps.2010.110

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) The liver index in rats fed a normal diet (Control group), a high-fat diet (NASH group) or a high-fat diet+pentoxifylline (PTX group) for 16 weeks. The liver index indicates the relative liver weight, ie, the liver weight per 100 g of body weight (g). (B) The inflammation score of the liver in rats. The inflammation score is described in the “Materials and methods” section. (C) Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of hepatic sections (objective lens, ×40 and ×10). The livers of the NASH group rats show pronounced hepatic steatosis, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and liver cell necrosis (arrow). The inflammatory response was significantly reduced in the pentoxifylline-treated rats. Data are means±SD or medians (25/75th percentiles) for 10 rats per group. cP<0.05 vs the control group; fP<0.05 vs the NASH group.

Article Snippet: Rats in the high-fat group were given PTX (PTX group; Ratiopharm GmbH, Germany) or physiological (0.9%) saline (NASH group) by gavage at 16 mg/kg daily 24 for 4 weeks following the 12-week dietary intervention period.

Techniques: Staining

Journal: Acta Pharmacologica Sinica

Article Title: Pentoxifylline alleviates high-fat diet-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and early atherosclerosis in rats by inhibiting AGE and RAGE expression

doi: 10.1038/aps.2010.110

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) The intima-media thickness (IMT) of the aortas in rats fed a normal diet (Control group), a high-fat diet (NASH group) or a high-fat diet+pentoxifylline (PTX group) for 16 weeks was measured by ultrasonography. (B) The intima-media thickness (IMT) of the carotid artery in rats was measured by ultrasonography. (C) H&E staining of thoracic and carotid artery sections (objective lens, ×40 and ×20). The thoracic and carotid arteries of the NASH group rats show mild intimal thickening and cellular hypertrophy in the intima and media of the aorta (NASH). Pentoxifylline treatment mitigates changes in vascular disease. Data are medians (25/75th percentiles) for 10 rats per group. cP<0.05 vs the control group; fP<0.05 vs the NASH group. Stars indicate the intima.

Article Snippet: Rats in the high-fat group were given PTX (PTX group; Ratiopharm GmbH, Germany) or physiological (0.9%) saline (NASH group) by gavage at 16 mg/kg daily 24 for 4 weeks following the 12-week dietary intervention period.

Techniques: Staining

Journal: Acta Pharmacologica Sinica

Article Title: Pentoxifylline alleviates high-fat diet-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and early atherosclerosis in rats by inhibiting AGE and RAGE expression

doi: 10.1038/aps.2010.110

Figure Lengend Snippet: Hemodynamic parameters of aortic flow were measured by ultrasonography. (A) The end-diastolic velocity of the aortas in rats fed a normal diet (Control group), a high-fat diet (NASH group) or a high-fat diet+pentoxifylline (PTX group) for 16 weeks. (B) The systolic peak velocity of the aorta in rats. Data are medians (25/75th percentiles) for 10 rats per group. cP<0.05 vs the control group; fP<0.05 vs the NASH group.

Article Snippet: Rats in the high-fat group were given PTX (PTX group; Ratiopharm GmbH, Germany) or physiological (0.9%) saline (NASH group) by gavage at 16 mg/kg daily 24 for 4 weeks following the 12-week dietary intervention period.

Techniques:

Journal: Acta Pharmacologica Sinica

Article Title: Pentoxifylline alleviates high-fat diet-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and early atherosclerosis in rats by inhibiting AGE and RAGE expression

doi: 10.1038/aps.2010.110

Figure Lengend Snippet: AGE and RAGE protein levels in the livers and arteries of rats. (A) AGE protein levels in the livers and aortas of rats were analyzed by Western blotting with the use of anti-AGE monoclonal antibody. Liver and artery protein from rats fed a normal diet (Control group), a high-fat diet (NASH group) or a high-fat diet+pentoxifylline (PTX group) for 16 weeks were isolated as described in the “Materials and methods” section. Protein samples were loaded onto 12% separating gels; the band associated with AGE displays molecular weight fragments between 25 and 30 kDa. (B) Quantitative analyses of AGE protein levels in the livers and arteries of rats. (C) RAGE protein levels in the livers and aortas of rats were analyzed by Western blotting analyses with the use of anti-RAGE monoclonal antibody. Protein samples were loaded onto 10% separating gels. Two variants of RAGE were detected: 55 kDa and 46 kDa. (D) Quantitative analyses of RAGE protein levels in the livers and arteries of rats. Data are means±SD for 10 rats per group. cP<0.05 vs the control group; fP<0.05 vs the NASH group.

Article Snippet: Rats in the high-fat group were given PTX (PTX group; Ratiopharm GmbH, Germany) or physiological (0.9%) saline (NASH group) by gavage at 16 mg/kg daily 24 for 4 weeks following the 12-week dietary intervention period.

Techniques: Western Blot, Isolation, Molecular Weight

Journal: Neural Regeneration Research

Article Title: All roads lead to Rome — a review of the potential mechanisms by which exerkines exhibit neuroprotective effects in Alzheimer's disease

doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.325012

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of physical exercise on the expression of growth factors and hormones

Article Snippet: , Rocha-Rodrigues et al., 2016 , High fat diet rats , Skeletal muscle , Voluntary running , ↑.

Techniques: Expressing, Clinical Proteomics, Isolation, Luciferase, Western Blot, Injection

Journal: Neural Regeneration Research

Article Title: All roads lead to Rome — a review of the potential mechanisms by which exerkines exhibit neuroprotective effects in Alzheimer's disease

doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.325012

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of physical exercise on the expression of Aβ-degrading enzymes

Article Snippet: , Rocha-Rodrigues et al., 2016 , High fat diet rats , Skeletal muscle , Voluntary running , ↑.

Techniques: Expressing, Over Expression